Minggu, 17 April 2016

TUGAS 1 SOAL + PEMBAHASAN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

A.STATMENT
1. “Your friend has just left.”
a. He told me that my friend has just left
b. He told me that your friend had just left
c. He told me that my friend had just left
Answer :  C
Present perfect tense changed to past perfect tense

2. “I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.”

a. He said that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity
b. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity
c. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity
Answer : A
Direct speech in the form of statement with the simple present tense verb. Verb changed to simple past tense.

3. “We have been here for a week.”
a. They said they had been there for a week
b. They said they had been here for a week
c. They said we had been there for a week
Answer : A
“Here” on direct speech canged to “there”.

4. “I ate some beef burgers yesterday.” Said Jean.
a. Jean said that she have eat some beef burgers the day before.
b. Jean said that she has ate some beef burgers the day before.
c. Jean said that she had been eaten some beef burgers the day before.
d. Jean said that she had been eat some beef burgers yesterday.
Answer : C
Simple past patterns on direct speech sentence changed to past perfect tense in indirect speech sentences. Characterized by tobe "has been" and the verb 3 "to eat".

5. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west”
a. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
b. He said that the sun rose in the east and set in the west
c. He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
Answer : C
Verb is not changed (into past because the statement be general truth)

6. Jonathan said, “I have finished doing my reports.”
Change the Present perfect into past perfect
...........................................................................................................
Answer : Jonathan said that he had finished doing his reports


7. He said, “I went to school yesterday”
Change the simple past tense into past perfect tense!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : He said that he had gone to school the day before 

8. He said, "I buy a book"
Change the Simple present tense into simple past tense!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : He said that he bought a book

 Jonathan said, “I have finished doing my reports.”
Change the Present perfect into past perfect
...........................................................................................................
Answer : Jonathan said that he had finished doing his reports

9. Lala said, “We will leave for Singapore”
Change the future tense into past future tense!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : Lala said that they would leave for Singapore 

10. “I’m doing my English homework”, said Lina
Change the Present continuous tense into past continous tense!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : Lina said that she was doing her English homework

B.QUESTION

1.      Did they eat out together yesterday?
a.      He asked me if they had eaten out yesterday.
b.      He asked me if they had eaten out together the day before.
c.       He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.
d.      He asked me if they have eaten out together the day before.
Correct Answer: B
Time in the phrase direct speech "yesterday" should be changed to "the day before" in the sentence indirect / Reported speech.

 2.   Who is hiding under the bed?
a. Mom wanted to know why was hiding under the bed.
b. Mom said she was hiding under the bed.
c. Mom wanted to hiding under the bed.
d.  Mom wanted to know who was hiding under the bed.
Answer : D
Pattern present continous tense on direct speech is converted into a pattern of past continous tense. Characterized by centralized tobe.
3.      What’s your passion?
a.      She wanted to know what is my passion.
b.      She wanted to know what was my passion.
c.       She wanted to know what my passion was.
d.      She wanted to know what was my passion.
Correct answer: C
Direct speech in the form of question wh- (information request) -> move back to the subject verb (word order).

4.      I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity?
a.      He asked me that he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.
b.      He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.
c.       He said that he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.
d.      He said that I began to understand the concept of biodiversity.
Correct answer: C
Direct speech a statement (statement) with the pattern of simple present, verb changed to simple past patterns in sentence indirect speech.

5.      Your friend has just left ?
a.      He told me that your friend had just left.
b.      He told me that my friend has just left.
c.       He told me that my friend had just left.
d.      He told me that my friend have just left.
Correct answer: C
Discussion: The sentence pattern present perfect tense in direct speech sentences adjusted to past perfect tense in the sentence indirect speech.

 6.      Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?
a.      She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
b.      She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
c.       She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.
d.      She asked me whether I could borrow her pencil for a moment.
Correct answer: C
Discussion: Modal verb "can" (present) was changed to "could" (past).

 7.      Why are you staring at my feet?
a.      He asked her why she is staring at his feet.
b.      He asked her why she was staring at his feet.
c.       He asked her why was she staring at his feet.
d.      He asked her why is she staring at his feet.
Correct Answer: B
Verb present continuous tense in direct speech is converted into a continuous past tense in indirect speech.

8.      They asks him,“Can you help us?
Change into the form of indirect speech!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : They asks him if/whether he can help them

  9.     Johan asked (me) if/whether I was busy.
Change into the form of direct speech!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : Johan asked, “Are you busy?”

 10.   They said to her,”Where did he invite you last night?
Change into the form of indirect speech!
...........................................................................................................
Answer : They said to her where he had invited her the night before.



C. IMPERATIVE
1. “ where is my umbrella?”she asked.
She asked…………………………………
ANSWER : She asked where her umbrella was.

2. “ how are you?”Martin asked us.
Martin asked us…………………………
ANSWER : Martin asked us how we were.

3. he asked,”Do I have to do it?”
he asked………………………………
ANSWER : He asked if he had to do it.

4. “ where have you been?”the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter………………………………………
ANSWER : The mother asked her daughter where she had been.

5. “ which dress do you like best?”she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend…………………………………………………
ANSWER : She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best

6. “ what are they doing?”she asked.
She wanted to know…………………..
ANSWER : She wanted to know what they were doing.

7. “ Are you going to the cinema?”he asked me.
He wanted to know………………………………………
ANSWER : He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema.

8. The teacher asked,”who speaks English?”
The teacher wanted to know…………………
ANSWER : The teacher wanted to know who spoke English.

9.  He said, “open the door!”
Change into the form of indirect speech!
...........................................................................................................
ANSWER :He ordered to open the door

10. The teacher said to student, "Don't waste time!"
Change into the form of indirect speech!
...........................................................................................................
ANSWER :The teacher advised the students not to waste time


SUMBER :

Selasa, 29 Maret 2016

Direct and Indirect Speech


DIRECT SPEECH is a way to report what people have said or written, in the form of statements, questions, or other speech, quoting the exact words.
In contrast to the INDIRECT SPEECH, speech delivered by changing the format to make it more clear, natural, and efficient for the listener.
Direct speech covered by quotation marks ( ""). In addition, attribution (asked, says, said, yelled, shouted, Replied, ordered) often accompany direct speech.

Changing Being Direct Speech Indirect Speech

In general, direct speech into indirect speech can be changed by removing the quotation marks and capital letters (the initial letters of the word in quotation marks omitted), add words such as that / Whether / if, adjust pronoun, verb, and / or time reference.

Contoh:
Reporting verb: Tono says,
Reported words ”I’m very good at English”
Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu:
Direct Speech:
Simple Present Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Future Continouos Tense
Conditional

Indirect Speech:
Simple Past Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Future Tense/Conditional
Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)
Conditional

Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya,

Contoh :
He said, “The sun rises in the east” → He said that the sun rises in the east.

PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:
Direct  :                                               Indirect :
Now                                        →        Then
Today                                      →        That day
Tonight                                    →        That night
This week                                →        That week
Yesterday                                →        The day before
The day before yesterday       →        Two days before
Last night                                →        The night before
Last week/year                        →        The previous week/year
A year ago                               →        A year before/The previous year
Three years ago                       →        Three years before
Tomorrow                               →        The next day/The following day
The day after tomorrow          →        In two day’s time/The following day
Next week/year                       →        The following week/year
On Sunday                              →        On Sunday
Here                                        →        There
This book                                →        The book
This                                         →        That
These                                       →        Those
Over there                               →        Over there
*etc.

PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:
Can      →        Could
May     →        Might
Might  →        Might
Must    →        Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
*etc.
Contoh:
The man said, “I must mend the wall next week”
The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week.
Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya.
The girl said, ” I must wash my hands before eating”
The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating.
Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan.
*etc.

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
Bob said that he was a university student.

2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
He told me, “wait for me !”
He told me to wait for him.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH :
1.      D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “
         I : She says to her friend that he has been reading
2.      D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “
         I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly
3.      D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “
          I : Reza said that he was very sleepy
4.      D : He has told you, “ I am writing “
          I : He has told you that he is writing
5.      D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “
          I : Mothe advised her son to study hard
6.      D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “
          I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football
7.      D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus
          I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning
8.      D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “
          I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies
9.      D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “
         I : Mother asked her not to go there alone
10.  D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “
       I: Father asked robi not to smoke too much

SUMBER : http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/
                    http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/04/penjelasan-direct-dan-                               indirect-speech.html
                    http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html

MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN GLOBAL 2

SEGMENTASI GLOBAL, TARGET DAN POSISI PRODUK PASAR GLOBAL SEGMENTASI PASAR GLOBAL Didefinisikan sebagai proses mengidentifikasi kelompo...